The Imperial Cities of Morocco include Fez, Meknes, Marrakech, and Rabat. These cities are collectively known as the imperial cities because, at various points in Morocco’s history, each one has served as the capital. Currently, Rabat holds the title of the capital of Morocco.
Fez, the oldest of the imperial cities, was established as the capital in the ninth century by Sultan Idriss II, a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad. Despite changes in rulers, Fez remained a pivotal city and served as the capital multiple times under different dynasties.
During the rule of the Almoravids in the 12th century, Marrakech became their capital, while Fez retained its importance as a cultural and economic center. The Almohads later established Rabat as their capital, but this was later replaced by Meknes during the reign of Moulay Ismael.
Under French colonial rule, which began in 1912, Rabat was reinstated as the capital of Morocco. This title has been maintained since the country gained independence. The imperial cities stand as a testament to Morocco’s rich history and cultural heritage, each with its own unique charm and significance.
The Imperial City Of Fez
Fez, the most captivating of the imperial cities, boasts a grand scale with expansive walls stretching nearly ten miles. For the best views of the city, visitors flock to the Merenid tombs on the hillside. Fez is essentially three cities in one. The heart is Fez el-Bali, the medieval medina, where half of the city’s population resides, and where most tourists focus their exploration. Next is Fez el-Jdid, the new city (though “new” in Fez terms means late 13th century), home to the Mellah or old Jewish quarter. The third part, the modern Ville Nouvelle, built by the French during the colonial period, is often overlooked by visitors.
However, the main draw for most visitors is the medina, with its labyrinthine alleyways. Here, horses and donkeys have the right of way as they navigate through the narrow streets, delivering goods to the small shops in the bustling open-air market. Everyday life unfolds amidst the maze-like streets, with each district housing its own communal bathhouse, bakery, and other necessities. Getting lost in the medina is all part of the adventure, with surprises waiting around every corner.check our Morocco Imperial cities tours.
The Imperial City Of Marrakech
In addition to the iconic landmarks like the main square, the bustling souks, and the towering Koutoubia Mosque, Marrakesh holds many hidden gems waiting to be discovered. Among these are the Saadian Tombs, the final resting place of 66 kings from the Saadian dynasty, tucked away from plain sight. Another hidden marvel is the Koubba el Baadiyin, one of the oldest structures in the city, believed to have once served as the ablutions pool for a nearby mosque. The Ibn Youssef Medersa is also a must-see, being the largest theological college in Morocco.
The Bahia Palace, built in the Alhambra style, is a testament to the wealth and power of its former owner, a slave who rose to prominence. Despite being devoid of furnishings, the palace showcases stunning 19th-century architecture on a grand scale. Nearby, Dar El Said, once a lavish palace, now houses a museum displaying artifacts and artwork.
Marrakesh is renowned for its lush gardens, with the Jardins Majorelle standing out as one of the finest. Originally created by a French painter, the gardens are now owned by Yves Saint-Laurent and offer a tranquil escape from the hustle and bustle of the city.
The Imperial City Of Meknes
Meknes, in contrast to Fez, exudes a more laid-back atmosphere. While the medina is not the main attraction, the focal point of interest lies in the 17th-century imperial complex built by Moulay Ismael. This fortified city-within-a-city encompasses numerous palaces, mosques, dungeons, and gardens. Among the highlights are the dungeons, the royal stables housing grain silos that once stored enough food for the populace for a year, as well as accommodations for 12,000 horses. Another notable site is the Moulay Ismael mausoleum, a sacred place open to non-Muslims, which adds to the allure of Meknes.
The Imperial City Of Rabat
Another notable site in Rabat is the mausoleum of Mohammed V. Despite being the capital, Rabat is not as renowned as other Moroccan cities, although it boasts a rich history where ancient and modern elements seamlessly blend. This unique juxtaposition is evident in Rabat’s two most famous landmarks.
The Tour Hassan, commissioned by Yacoub el Mansour, who also designed the Giralda in Seville and the Koutoubia Tower in Marrakech, stands as a testament to medieval architecture. Originally intended as part of a grand mosque in the 12th century, only the tower remains today, with the remnants of its columns serving as reminders of its former glory. Adjacent to the Tour Hassan is the mausoleum of Mohammed V, grandfather of the current king. Initially, residents of Rabat were skeptical of this juxtaposition of old and new, but the mausoleum incorporates motifs from the ancient tower, resulting in a harmonious blend of architectural styles.
Another captivating aspect of Rabat is its coastal fortress quarter, which offers a stark contrast to the rest of the city. Enclosed by imposing ramparts, this quarter is characterized by clusters of small, blue and white homes with flat roofs, evoking a distinctively Mediterranean vibe. Exploring this ancient corner of Rabat provides visitors with a glimpse into a bygone era, offering a refreshing departure from the city’s modern ambiance.
Do I need a Guide ?
Navigating the medinas can be a daunting task, with their narrow, winding streets and bustling crowds. In addition to the maze-like layout, visitors often find themselves bombarded by persistent stall-holders vying for their attention and business. These vendors will claim to offer the best, cheapest, or most unique goods in the market, creating a sense of overwhelm for unsuspecting tourists.
Hiring a guide can provide both protection from unwanted solicitation and ensure that you don’t miss out on the medina’s highlights. It’s crucial to negotiate the price upfront, as official guides, identifiable by their badges, adhere to the rates set by the tourist authority. With a knowledgeable guide by your side, you can navigate the medinas with confidence, gaining insight into their rich history and cultural significance while avoiding the pitfalls of tourist traps.
